1.1.8. The Art of Romantic hairstyles, makeup, and cosmetics / ...a little history / The Encyclopedia of Beauty from Constantine.

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Romanticism flourished in Europe in the 19th century, this is the era of the emergence of manufactories, regional capitalization of territories, resources, means of production according to various social characteristics: relatium, clan, diaspora, ethnic, racial and exs. Fatherland of Romanticism in Germany, and in Motherland it has another have one more thing name, Biedermeier style descendant of Hanse period, typical meshan interior, comfort, a focus on wealth and beauty in home life.

 At the end of the 19th century, a new stylistic movement emerged in many European countries – the Modernism – which promoted the principles of aestheticism, symbolism and the philosophy of life. Soft, flexible forms, dynamics, asymmetry, and again new standards of beauty.

 Types and shapes of hairstyles. 

 In the 1830s and 1840s, men continued to wear short hair. Long hairstyles were only worn by artists, musicians, and composers. Students were forbidden from growing their hair long. Older men wore their hair in various styles, including combing it high above the forehiad and combing it back from the temples. 

 In the late 1840s, hairstyles became longer. Hair reached from the ears to the collar and was pulled back into tails and curls. At the end of the 19th century, men began wearing short hair and long hair and wigs became a thing of the past.

 Romanticism in women's hairstyles: braids, buns, and ponytails complemented each other. Chignons of sleek hair were adorned with necklaces, the central stone of which descended through the center of the forehead. At the beginning of the century, women sought to emulate Greek women.

 Later, the concept of beauty and its hairztyles changed along with the changing ideas of romanticism.

Three main haracteristice hairstyles of that period:
1. Buns twisted into locons at the temples;
2. Crossed curly of buns on the forehead, with strands of hair crossing in the middle of the forehead;
3. Three to four curly of buns on each side.

 Hairstyles were decorated with ostrich, peacock, and marabou feathers. Later, a bun was created at the back of the head. Hairstyles, like clothing, changed frequently.

In the early 19th century, hairstyles were centered on the head. They were higher than later versions and twisted into coiled buns, forming a cockscomb. Ribbons and embellishments were woven into the fine curls.
whith 1820, center partings became common in women's hairstyles. Bangs were abandoned, and hairstyles became high. Buns from chignons had a special purpose and were pinned to the crown. Daytime, evening, and special occasion hairstyles emerged, styled according to age. Hairstyles were more conservative and compact. Women of noble birth dyed their hair.
Hairstyles were decorated with pins, combs, earrings made of precious metals, feathers, flowers, gemstones, and pearls. Jewelry this time was graceful: rings, bracelets, and brooches. Jewelry was divided into daytime, evening, and festive.

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1.1.7. The option of the late Baroque style is Rococo (the luxurious style) / ...a little history / The Encyclopedia of Beauty from Constantine.

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 18th century, and in classic baraque stryle certain contradictions arise. France during this period was home to many talented people: philosophers, poets, musicians, and artists. In the second half of the 18th century at country, enlightened classicism reigned supreme, and the ideal of beauty was absolute artificiality.   Everybody wears wigs, their faces are powdered, their cheeks are rouged, and the wrinkles around their eyes are hidden under braids.
 The men spent hours twirling in front of the mirror. All attention was focused on the women. the time did be various types of wigs with, varios povdered, numerous names a parts, and because came into fashion high hairstyles made of natural hair came into fashion. The forehead is open, the hair is slightly curled, styled in various ways into different shapes and lightly powdered. Hairstyles were decorated with flowers, lace, and braids.

 In the 1760s and 1770s, as clothing details changed, hairstyles became increasingly complex. Skirts and again a wigs came into fashion. on celebration lady were adorned  hairstyles with artificial bouquets and jewelry.

 Since the 1780s, women's hairstyles have become even more sophisticated, becoming true works of art. At that time, hairstylists were considered scientists, artists, and sculptors. Some were even accepted into the Paris Academy of Fine Arts.

 Only at one year, the magazine "la Galeries de Coiffures" offered around 4,000 hairstyles. The most fashionable were voluminous, 30 to 60 cm or more high, in the form of a bun.

 The diameter of the hairstyles was not much larger than the face and were decorated in incredible different ways. This was could be ships, hunting scenes, love scenes, landscape details, vases with soaked flowers, plates with vegetables and medical tools. 

 Creating this hairstyle required a lot of artificial hair, pins, mascara, powder, and tulle. They were awkward and heavy. Ladies had to use a cane to maintain their balance. To ensure their hairstyle lasted two to three weeks, it had to be carefully maintained. When riding in a carriage, it was carefully placed in a bowl to prevent damage, or the top of the carriage was removed, and while sleeping, ladies placed a special cushion under their neck.

 Rococo hairstyles in the 18th century changed throughout the century. Men and women wore rouge, lipstick, and like makeup and thay was be visions how a dolls . A popular hairstyle at the end of the century (the kio): curly hair was pulled back, gathered at the nape of the neck, tied with a ribbon, and tucked into a pouch.

 Women's hairstyles (alemantases) were decorated with lace, ribbons, and drags, and in the 1770s and 1780s, hairstyles reached half a meter in height. Skilled hairdressers could create them in a few hours. Ladies were done hairstyles for a long period of time, up to two weeks, so special devices were used for sleeping in order not to damage the hairstyle. The Academy of Hairdressing Arts was founded in Paris .  Traveling in carriages was also difficult. Leonardo da Vinci invented a special device that allowed women to reduce their hairstyles height without damaging it when using carriages as a means of transportation. 

 Rococo jewelry, makeup and cosmetics.

 Jewelry was decorated with ribbons or lace and featured a rich palette of colors.

 Existed blush, lipstick, pudra, both men and women adorned themselves with beauty spots.  These could come in a variety of shapes: hearts, teardrops, stars, others.

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1.1.5. The Art of Renaissance Hairstyle, Makeup / ...a little history / The Encyclopedia of Beauty from Constantine.

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After Barbarossa, at time of pilgrimage against Saladin, drowned in a river from a broken heart, the influence of obscurantism in the Roman/Byzantine Empire on art, fashion and social relations significantly diminished. but his rule in Italy and influence on European royal families led to the outbreak of the Roman Catholic Inquisition until the 19th century / Napoleonic wars/.
But even during the obscurantism of the Catholic Inquisition, in the 14th century, a new style emerged in Catalonia – the Renaissance, in which hairstyles with a round silhouette were the most popular.
In the 16th century, the Spanish style spread widely across Europe, and hairstyles, cosmetics, and attitudes towards makeup also changed.
 Men's began to be  hair cut little short and combed from the forehead upwards.
Renaissance women paid great attention to their hairstyles, hair is no longer hidden under a headdress and began makeup. Very popular was be Greek and Roman hairstyles: bizantine knot (braid).

Married women began to braid their hair, twisting it into various intricate shapes. The strands of hair did curled, bleached. The hairstyle is typical: curly hair on both sides is twisted into ponytails, but there were also very original hairstyles.

In the 16th century, French women wore tall, intricate hairstyles. They used a frames and a curlers to create them, shaping their hair into hearts, cones, and bats, and powdering hair.

Sukuosenu rysys ir formos
The silhouette of a man's hairstyle was the same regardless of social status persons. It were made from long and curly hair. Young people wore their hair in tails or wore it loose. Popular shoulder-length haircut with bangs.

High collars have come into fashion that's why haircuts are getting even shorter.

Women's hairstyles of this century period in different European countries differ, however, typical for all regions of Europe were loose long hair or hair gathered into a bun at the back of the head and all hairstyles have graceful lines, executed in different ways using imagination. Hairstyles were created by braiding and styling the hair on the head in various ways, while the curled hair was left loose.

These hairstyles require very thick hair, so ladies to their hair began adding strands. And in Venice vere in fashion blondes and women sat in the sun for long periods of time, soaking their hair in various liquids to make it a little lighter. For convenience in this exercise, they make wide-brimmed straw hats without a bottom that covered their faces and placed their hair on them.

Renaissance jewelry, makeup and cosmetics.
Rubies, sapphires and emeralds are in fashion. During this era, blond hair, black eyebrows and fair skin were fashionable and women used cosmetics to whiten their skin.

 The Renaissance can rightly be called the era of the rebirth of the Roman Empire after the dispotism of Zionism and the obscurantism of the Catholic Church of this era, to which Barbarossa's unfounded ambitions led. Although the Catholic Church of Barbarossa proclaimed him  and Napoleon Emperors of the Roman Empire, neither he nor Napoleon were such... they were not descendants of the Roman Imperial Court. And while Napoleon can rightfully, deserved be called Emperor of France, Barbarossa can only claim the title of Dictator of Italy.

 It took over 800 years—that's 13+ generations—to overcome the consequences of the Barbarossa clan's dispotic rule in the Roman Empire. That's a long time, and it was no longer a union, but a confederation of tribes, ethnic and outright criminal groups building their personal well-being on the misfortunes of the inhabitants of the region under their control. This format still exists today, like the European Union. This is not a declared democratic system—it's a vahanalia of obscurantism for the promotion of personal privileges based on racial, ethnic, clan, diaspora, patrilineal, and other social characteristics of the Criminal Groups. Rights to ownership of territories, resources, and the population of public and official figures that are poorly educated, ill-mannered, primitive, and devoid of any moral or legal norms are through the emotional manipulation of public opinion, buiting on doctrines of Zionism — Fascism&Nazism!

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1.1.4. The art of Medieval Hairstyles, Makeup / ...a little history / The Encyclopedia of Beauty from Constantine.

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 The Byzantine Empire—the reformed Roman Empire from the transitional of Great Constantine, which existed in the 15th century—changed into a global system, and its visualization, how the Byzantine Empire ceased to exist. It was a magnificent medieval culture, public relatiums regions of Roman union.

 Men popular hairstyle was be round haircut with bangs were much was attention is paid to headwear than hairstyles.

  Women's headdresses was resembled various geometric shapes.

 Young girls wore their hair loose, parted in the middle at the crown. Married women chose their hair to match their headdress, did various hairstyles, and various braids and plaits were fashionable. 
 Men usually was weared long hairstyles or wigs. In the 11th century, baths appeared, and it became obligatory to wash there. The first medieval hairdressing masters were bathers of the baths.

 Medieval European hairstyles<.
 At the end of the 5th century, the Roman Empire was reformed into a confederation of independent countries with common moral and legal norms and family relationships among its leaders - the time of Feudal social culture. The time of the feudal society formation is divided into 3 periods:
1. Beginning Middle Ages of the 5th-9th centuries;
2. High Middle Ages 9th-13th centuries;
3. Late Middle Ages 13th - 14th century.

 The woman hairstyles of noble persons were simple, as and like folk hairstyles and was difered only the headdresses and decorations. Noble men wore long hair the under influence of Christ's hairstyle. Catholic priests cut their hair into a small circle on the top of their heads (tonsure) and wore a small cap. Women (regardless of their social status) were required to cover their hair. Girls were allowed to wear their hair loose before marriage as a symbol of virginity. Noble ladies braided their hair at the temples and braiding it with ribbons. The braids were lengthened by wrapping them with strips of a fabric. The width of the braids was proportionally equal to their length. This was achieved by weaving together multiple strands. These braids were called the Knight's Treasury.

 Beginning in the 13th century, the Roman style in art was begant superseded by the Gothic style in medieval Europe. Ladies hide their hair under linen scarves, leaving only a thin braid on the neck so that the color of the hair is visible. The braided hair at the temples was twisted into a spiral and hidden under a thin gold mesh.
In the Late Middle Ages, the uniformity of hairstyles was compensated by a variety of headdresses.

 Medieval jewelry and cosmetics.
 Popular in the century of time period  adorned themselves with rings, earrings, brooches, necklaces, headbands and tiaras.
The architecture of late middle age also is characterized by the Gothic style. Numerous decrees were issued with instructions on how to dress, how to look, how to behave, and what the length of clothing should be, what home, interiors, art.
 The ideal of beauty is tall, elongated figures, unemotional, calm faces. Headwear varies from pill-shaped caps to cylindrical hats and scarves with long corners.
 The time only aristocrats used cosmetics and make makeup. It did be cosmetics and makeup was then a complex topic, it has been criticized as paralyzing the human spirit, witch trick. Because of it could and have burned at the stake.

 11th century. It was customary to wash as often as possible in the bathhouse, and the was be exist barbers services were also available there. They cut their hair and shaved their beards. In the late Middle Ages, a beards became fashionable. Women of high social status wore braids, dyed their hair, and used cosmetics and perfume. Fashionable hair colors were dark brown and gray. The devil's spawn, witch were redheads, redheads with a golden tint.

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1.1.3. The Art of Ancient Roman Hairstyles, Makeup / ...a little history / The Encyclopedia of Beauty from Constantine.

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 From 18 BC to the 5th century AD, before reformed option Roman Empire of Great Constantine the powerful ancient Roman state existed. A striking, iconic portrait of the Ancient Roman idea of ​​beauty: a woman with a tall figure, rounded shoulders, dark eyes and light hair.
 Ancient Roman hairstyles, makeup, fashion, art, architecture of the period Ancient Roman Empire period are distinguished by their particular creativeness and splendor.

Types and forms of hairstyles and makeup.
Ant first Ancient Roman hairstyles are simple in use. After the conquest of Greece, hairstyles became more complex and more reminiscent of Greek ones. After this period a shape and decoration of a hairstyle and makeup indicated a person’s social status.  Men's hairstyles are haircuts of various shapes. A typical, popular hairstyle Ancient Roman Empire with thick bangs reaching the middle of the forehead or to the eyebrows, a remaining hair was cut short or on medium long hair curled.

During the Ancient Roman Empire, women's hairstyles were done on long hair. A popular option were Hair was often parted in the middle and tied into a tight bun. The hair above the forehead was curled using curlers. Women's hairstyles of that time period can be divided into two types:
- from hair of braideds different form;
- from curly or curled hair.
Later the period, hairstyles became higher and higher. To fix the hairstyle, frames, additional curlers and special decorations made of copper, silver or gold wire were used.

Complex knee-length hairstyles required a lot of healthy, long, thick hairs and Romans began in hairpieces and wigs to use. Festive hairstyles were decorated with pearls, which were valued more than precious stones, silver and gold. Also bleached of blonde hair and blonde color wigs came into fashion. To lighten hair, wigs used alkaline preparations. At ceremonial events, the Roman mens, like the Greeks, decorated their heads with wreaths, women was decorated their heads with ribbons and scarves.

 To protect their hairstyle while sleeping, Roman women wore nets made of gold or silver threads, special bags, or tied light silk scarves.

Roman  makeup, cosmetics and jewelry.
The Romans did not pay much attention to makeup, but were famous for their cosmetic preparation bath's, where they not only washed, but also had massaged and rubbed their bodies with a aromatic oils. During bathing procedures, the Romans also bleached their faces, necks, and chests.
Popular adornments were heavy, coarse, inexpensive, and varied.

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1.1.2. The Art of Ancient Greek Hairstyles, Makeup / ...a little history / The Encyclopedia of Beauty from Constantine.

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Ancient Greeks this is the era of early antiquity. In the 3rd–2nd millennia BC, the center of Greece was Crete, later Mycenae, the is Aegean culture.

From this Greek culture is divided into 3 periods:

1. Archaic;

2. Classical;

3. Hellenistic.

In all these periods for the Greeks, the standard of beauty and the center, kult of the world was man.

Ancient Greek Hairstyles.
Ancient art reached its peak of Greek in the 5th century BC, which was called the Golden Age.

Types and forms of hairstyles in this period ages.
 For Greeks, hairstyle, makeup was a sacred ritual that lasted a couple of hours each day. Each operation was masterfully performed by slaves master-hairdressers. One master hair beautifully, the second did hair, the third curled it. And with makeup, cosmetic, pedicure and other likewise it. Was used to curl hair in Ancient Greece used first termo metof on metal wire (calamis). Also, Greek   the first to start treating hair with alkaline preparations, fine rice flour, and in special cases, sprinkled hair with gold powder, as modern tehnology of glitter - the Glitter.

Men's hairstyles.
It hairstyles were distinguished by their simple lines and silhouettes. These hairstyles resembled a modern woman's hairstyles. Long strands of hair were curled into spirals or braided, gathered into a ponytail at the nape of the neck or wrapped with a ribbon.


Women's hairstyles.
Women's hairstyles were more simple. In the archaic period, various buns at the nape of the neck were popular. The buns were covered with fabric, sometimes with the hair hidden under special canvas bags; this hairstyle was called a "hetaera." Later, hairstyles began to be made from curled hair. Frames were used to give the bun a conical shape. The Greeks women's adorned their heads with wreaths.

Greek makeup, cosmetics and perfumes.
The ancient Greeks knew many secrets of cosmetic preparats. They were studying, trained in various arts, makeup, cosmetics and knew well body, face, head massage and its meaning. They also was known science of medicinal baths and their meaning. Their standard of beauty was a pale complexion and body, so they included mercury sulfide in their face, body whitening products.

Was dress ancient Greeks modestly. Items made of gold and silver were worn only during ceremonies and holidays. Here, pathos and the desire for effect became established in jewelry art. The Aesthetic perfection is preserved Greek jewelry and modern day.

Mens was wear golden crowns or golden tiaras in the shape of laurel leaves on their hair.

Women's jewelry was more varied. 

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1.1.1. Ancient Egyptian Art of Hairstyles, Makeup / ...a little history /The Encyclopedia of Beauty from Constantine

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Art Hairstyle.
 Egiptieciu vaistybebuvo skirtoma i ankstyvaja, senaja, viduriniaja ir naujaja karalystes.
 Per visa valstybes gyvavima egiptieciu sukuosenos mazai tesikeite. Pagal to meto paprocius vyrai ir moterys plaukus kirpdavo, skusdavo ir nesiodavo perukus. Egiptieciai pirmieji pradejo juos gaminti. Perukai buvo ivairiu formu: trapecijos, staciakampio, ovalo, salmo.
 Jie buvo daromi is naturaliu plauku. Kad mase butu didesne, pridedavoavies vilnu, silkiniu siulu, virveliu, odos juosteliu. Perukus dazydavo juodai ir rudai. Perukai buvo formojami is daugybe virveliu kasyciu. Juos gausiai terbdavo aromatiniais aliejais. Peruku paskertis bivo netik estetine, jei buvo naudojami kaip apsaugine priemone nuo tiesioginiu saulesspinduliu. Faraonas savo peruka pejuosdavo auksiniu lankeliu su gyvates atvaizdu. tai simbolizuodavo valdzios galibe.
 Egyptian women's hairstyles were more complex and elaborate - . Young women shaved their hair but did not wear wigs.

 It was fashionable to leave the hair on the left or right side of the head unshaven. They braided it or wove a colored ribbon.

Egyptian jewelry.
 And women, and men wore amulets, hair pins, combs in their hair, as well as fashion headbands.

 Iron hairpins decorated with hawk and ostrich figures were especially popular. headbands and braid hair accessories were also in fashion.

Egyptian cosmetics, makeup.

The Egyptians devoted a lot of time to cosmetic procedures, makeup, in it used high-quality paints, creams and aromatic oils. Also was found in Egypt cosmetics manual written by Cleopatra herself.

 This written knowelle from Cleopatra is rich in recipes for powder, blush, eyeliners and hair dyes. Oil was made from palm, sesame, almond, olive and animal fat.

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