Friday, November 15, 2013

Lithuanian Constitution with my comments.... - Lithuanian people


- Lithuanian statehood originated many centuries ago

Historical Background ..... Lithuania has never been an independent state.
Initially inhabited by fragmented Baltic tribes, in the 1230s the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, who was crowned as King of Lithuania on 6 July 1253. After his assassination in 1263, pagan Lithuania was a target of the Christian crusades of the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order.

By the end of the 14th century, Lithuania was one of the largest countries in Europe and included present-day Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia. The geopolitical situation between the west and the east determined the multicultural and multi-confessional character of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The ruling elite practiced religious tolerance and borrowed Chancery Slavonic language as an auxiliary language to the Latin for official documents.

In 1385, the Grand Duke Jogaila accepted Poland's offer to become its king. Jogaila embarked on gradual christianization of Lithuania and established a personal union between Poland and Lithuania. It implied that Lithuania, the fiercely independent land, was one of the last pagan areas of Europe to adopt Christianity.

Talk about Lithuania as an independent state a period of from mention of it, and to 15th century - must not)

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was created in 1569 and affected all aspects of Lithuanian life: politics, language, culture, and national identity. From the mid-16th to the mid-17th centuries, culture, arts, and education flourished, fueled by the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation. From 1573, the Kings of Poland and Grand Dukes of Lithuania were elected by the nobility, who were granted ever increasing Golden Liberties. These liberties, especially the liberum veto, led to anarchy and the eventual dissolution of the state.

 The war, a plague,  a famine caused the deaths of approximately 40% of the country's population.  Foreign powers, especially Russia, became dominant in the domestic politics of the  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Numerous factions among the nobility used the Golden Liberties to prevent any reforms. Eventually, the Commonwealth was partitioned in 1772, 1792, and 1795 by the Russian Empire, Prussia, and Habsburg Austria.

The largest area of Lithuanian territory became part of the Russian Empire. In 1831 and 1863, Russia has implemented a Russification policies. Banned the Lithuanian press, closed cultural and educational institutions, and made Lithuania part of a new administrative region called Northwestern Krai.

This implies that about any Lithuanian statehood until beginning of the 19th century and speech could not be.

Which means - Lithuanian statehood don't originated many centuries ago)

Let's see what happened next....

 From the time the October Revolution in Russia, the Council of Lithuania (Lietuvos Taryba) declared the independence of Lithuania and of the Lithuanian State from 16 February 1918.


Despite the proclamation of statehood Lithuania at the time was fragmented.  Vilnius welcomed of the  Poles, Klaipeda - Hitler.

 1939 in Moscow signed the "Agreement on the Transfer of the Republic of Lithuania Vilnius and the Vilnius region and mutual assistance between the Soviet Union and Lithuania"
 In June 1940 - protocol of Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
  After the retreat of the German armed forces, the Soviets re-established the annexation of Lithuania in 1944. Under border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference in 1945, the former German Memelland, with its Baltic port Memel (Lithuanian: KlaipÄ—da), was transferred to Lithuania. Most German residents of the area have been transferred to the Soviet KGB, or just cut out.

So talking about the Lithuanian statehood one can from 1917 until 1939....
Lithuanian statehood originated many centuries ago -  a myth!



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